Giles Brindley: Someone You Should Know
Professor Brindley Presents
Note: I have corrected, reorganized, and updated the material in this post, which I authored, and integrated it with additional information in a later post about the Giles Brindley 1983 Las Vegas presentation. I recommend that readers bypass the piece below in favor of the newer essay on my AlignMap blog:
~AlignMap Post - Giles Brindley : Presentation Is (Not Really) Everything~
Self-experimentation In Medical Research
Medical research has a tradition of self-experimentation. Consider, for example, this excerpt from How far would you go to advance medical research?1
The most publicised endeavour in recent times involved Australian gastroenterologist Barry Marshall, who consumed a broth containing the bacteria Helicobacter pylori in order to prove that this bacterium, not stress or hyperacidity, caused peptic ulcers. Having failed to infect animal models with H pylori, Barry Marshall used himself as the guinea pig.2 Snubbed by colleagues—because conventional medical wisdom said nothing could survive in the highly acidic stomach—and loathed by pharmaceutical firms, which had been selling acid blockers meant to control ulcer, Barry Marshall took this extreme step to prove his hypothesis. Barry Marshall told Career Focus: “After a particularly frustrating time while presenting a paper [in a seminar], I decided that the way to answer the sceptics was an experiment to prove the bacterium could infect a healthy person—myself. I felt a little nauseated after I drank the broth containing a suspended culture of H pylori. I then had some stomach rumblings for three days, followed by bloating and fullness after evening meals.” About five days after drinking the broth, Barry Marshall became ill, with early morning nausea, vomiting of acid free gastric juice, and “putrid” breath. Although his illness resolved spontaneously in two weeks, a gastric biopsy taken on the 10th day showed severe acute gastritis with many H pylori organisms. “After that, the experiment was repeated and several publications confirmed that the hypothesis was correct,” he recalls. H pylori infection is now recognised as the major cause of peptic ulcer disease and an important risk factor for gastric malignancy. Barry Marshall was awarded the 1995 Albert Lasker Clinical Research Award.
The same article notes that in 1929, Werner Forssmann, a German surgeon, catheterized his own heart by inserting a 65 cm cannula through a vein in his arm, then climbed a flight of stairs to the X-ray department to produce a radiograph demonstrating that the catheter was, indeed, lying in his heart. In 1951, William Harrington, a trainee Barnes Hospital in St Louis, infused himself with plasma from a patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura to establish the condition’s immune basis. It worked. He rapidly developed severe but, as it turned out, transient thrombocytopenia. As the author notes, “His near suicidal effort showed that a plasma factor causes the destruction of platelets in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and the disease’s autoimmune cause was established.”
While these instances are impressive, they lack a certain showmanship, especially in an era when performance artists create art by exposing and mutilating themselves in public, magicians perform stunts such as fasting for weeks locked in a glass cage, and contestants on TV shows subject themselves to fearful and humiliating situations in the hopes of winning cash and notoriety.
Which brings us to today’s Somebody You Should Know, an individual who combined his self-experimentation in the service of legitimate medical research with an undeniable flair for theatric presentation.
Not Your Usual PowerPoint Presentation
The setting is the 1983 Las Vegas meeting of the American Urological Association with a few thousand members in attendance.
Word of Dr. Giles Brindley’s research has prompted an invitation for him to present his findings. In addition, one American doubter has suggested that proof would require something “beyond charts, tables and graphs.”2
It is uncertain what that challenger had in mind, but, in any case, Brindley was equal to the task.
Brindley, a British physiologist and urologist, was an old hand at such meetings, having presented numerous papers at scientific conferences. He had, in fact, a reputation, at least in Europe, for original research, especially in bioengineering. In 1964, for example, he had devised the world’s first visual prosthesis and had implanted three pairs of electronic eyes in humans before terminating the work when the costs did not justify the results. effectiveness. Once, to explore the effects of centrifugal force on a rabbit’s ability to land on its feet, Brindley dropped a rabbit from the roof to the floor of a car (driven, one assumes, by someone else) making a sharp turn – while the car was going eighty miles an hour.
Just prior to his Las Vegas talk, Brindley, who had then been working on physiological problems of the human male, injected his penis with phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-blocking smooth muscle relaxant that works as a non-specific vasodilator.3 (A modern version of the injection kit is shown in the accompanying graphic.)
He then gave what was, by all reports, a standard (i.e., dry and dull) explanation of his research and findings, which indicated that the physiology of an erection could be manipulated such that the engorgement of the penis by increased blood flow could be enhanced by certain chemicals, producing an “erection by injection.” I cannot find a description of the audience’s response at this point, but based on my attendance at far too many standard presentations at far too many medical meetings, I suspect that, despite the potential significance of these findings, the reaction consisted of polite applause and exchanges of murmurs about lunch plans. No doubt some folks left the talk early to seek other, more interesting activities.
If so, those in the early exodus missed more than a few cluttered slides.
Dr. Brindley then revealed (1) the fact that he had injected himself with phenoxybenzamine4 and (2) the results of that action – his fully erect penis.
It is said that the audience - consisting of physicians who spent much of their professional lives performing examinations of the sort that tend to jade ones attitude toward genitalia – gasped.
“[Brindley] dropped his pants before the audience
… a very respectable erection”
Prof Alvaro Morales, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario5
“I had been wondering why Brindley was wearing sweatpants,” says Dr. Arnold Melman, chief of urology at New York’s Albert Einstein College of Medicine, who was there. “Suddenly I knew.”6
There is more.
As Dr. Irwin Goldstein, a Boston University urologist who was present for Dr. Brindley’s presentation, describes it, “He walked down the aisle and let us touch it. People couldn’t believe it wasn’t an implant.”7
Yep, Brindley, a former athlete, proved he was not fooling the urologists with a silicone prosthesis by inviting them to inspect his erect penis, which many did.
And, thus was the penile erection medicalized from a mysterious, semi-mythological, fickle symbol of manhood into a composition of flesh, arteries and veins, smooth muscle, neurons, and neurotransmitters accessible to bioengineers, chemists, and physicians.
Footnotes
- Manjulika Das. BMJ Career Focus 2004;329:142-143 ~back~
- The secret history of Mr. Happy Salon.com ~back~
- The physiological mechanics of the means by which a smooth muscle relaxant leads to an erection is nicely explained in the HowStuffWorks article, How Viagra Works and is ilustrated by a definitively non-lurid Quick Time clip at The Urological Sciences Research Foundation ~back~
- Sir Giles, who was inexplicably knighted for bioengineering rather than erection-enhancement, had, in the course of his research, injected his penis with 33 other drugs before trying papavarine (Not tonight, dear… The Age, 25 Oct 2003) ~back~
- http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2003/sexchem.shtml ~back~
- Excerpt from A Mind of Its Own by David Friedman, 2001 http://www.powells.com/biblio?show=0684853205&page=excerpt ~back~
- Consultants Try the Hard Sell Jill Rosenfeld. Fast Company February 2001 ~back~
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Giving Orders To Ms. Dewey; Behind The Scenes At Microsoft
You may remember the redoubtable Ms. Dewey, the insult-slinging search assistant pictured here and mentioned previously in DrHGuy’s Cyber-Bookmarks: October 20, 2006
I’ve been informed by a reliable source, Mike Elgan of Mike’s List, that
1. Ms. Dewey is played by actress Janina Gavankar (which probably isn’t worth even an update post)
2. By turning up the sound and listening carefully, one can hear - no, not the ocean - but an off-camera director giving the actress stage directions (which, somehow, does seem worth posting).
The Ms Dewey Search Site (a Microsoft production) can be found at ~ Ms. Dewey ~
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A Sketch Of Sketches Of Frank Gehry
Netflix Edutainment, Frank Gehry’s Edifices, & DrHGuy’s Edification
One of the benefits of Netflix,1 is the opportunity to view video titles, often but not always documentaries, that would never make an appearance here in the boondocks and that I wouldn’t attend if they did make such an appearance because the likelihood of garnering enough enjoyment or utility from an unknown film to compensate for the cash and, more significantly, the time spent to watch it, would be a bad bet. The ratings from other Netflixers attenuate the risk of renting a clunker, the monthly fee that is independent of the number of DVDs rented minimizes the incremental cost of the rental, and the delivery by mail makes it not only convenient for renters but also economical for Netflix to stock and ship a huge inventory that includes non-blockbusters.
Thus it was that I recently watched, thanks to Netflix, Sketches Of Frank Gehry, a part-biography, part-documentary produced, narrated, and filmed by Sidney Pollack.2
Frank Gehry? Isn’t He The One That Designed – You Know, That Funny Looking Building That’s Sort Of Shaped Like A … You Know …
Probably.
The most frequently appearing cliché in articles about Gehry may be that his style disallows in-between opinions; one either loves his curvilinear, expressionistic buildings, or one detests them.
I’m ambivalent – about Gehry’s work, not the cliché. I’m pretty certain the cliché is crap. I don’t think I’m sui generis in admiring those fantastic shapes and soaring structures while simultaneously thinking that the buildings don’t seem to fit their surroundings and wondering if their form has less to do with function and more to do with spectacle.
In any case, Pollack is clearly in the pro-Gehry camp. Sketches Of Frank Gehry may not be a labor of love, but it is definitely a feature of fondness, resembling My Dinner With Andre more than Bowling for Columbine or An Inconvenient Truth. Richard Nilsen, in fact, described the documentary as “almost a home movie,” a phrase I think neatly captures the film’s self-satisfied style (many of the scenes are shots of Pollack using a handheld camera to film Gehry) and its structure:
- Pollack, between adulatory observations, lobs softball questions
- Gehry gracefully, charmingly knocks them out of the park
- Pollack and others3 display and emit expressions of awe4
- Pollack does a camera tour of a Gehry building
- Repeat for 84 minutes
However coy this setup may appear on paper, it works in this movie. It all comes off a tad self-consciously but otherwise provides an altogether pleasant and enjoyable environment for Pollack, untrained in architecture, to ask the same naïve, rudimentary questions that I might ask.
Before viewing Sketches Of Frank Gehry, I knew only that (1) Gehry was responsible for much of Chicago’s Millennium Park (because of its proximity to my home) and the Walt Disney Concert Hall (because it was the subject of a feature on a TV news program) and a batch of other famous buildings I couldn’t have listed (I would have gotten The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao on a multiple choice exam) and (2) that he is considered the hot shot superstar of modernist architecture.
While I still hadn’t gulped the Gehry Kool-aid by the end of the film, I was much impressed with what I had learned from watching the process by which Gehry creates a building’s design. Considerable footage is devoted to Gehry and his team working with three-dimensional models. Walls are created by folding, cutting, taping, and tearing various materials – and then ripping them apart, refolding, re-taping, and trying again with different media until it’s right (”right” is, of course, whatever Gehry, an obsessive revisionist, says it is). The models are transformed, by technology that the film seems to indicate was developed by Gehry’s people, into computerized digits and then transmuted into the appropriate form to send to clients, engineers, builders, and bureaucrats.
Small but special points in the film:
- Gehry attributing his name change (from Goldberg) to being “pussy whipped” by one of his wives
- Gehry describing one model thusly, “It’s so stupid-looking it’s great!”
- Watching Gehry’s freeform pencil sketches transformed into structural plans
- Gehry’s announcing, when taking a break in one modeling session, this plan: “Let’s look at it for a while, be irritated by it, then figure out what to do.”
Conclusion
Frank Gehry is an engaging man, Pollack is a smart filmmaker, Gehry’s building are lusciously photogenic, and the film shows the process of creating a work of art.
What’s not to like?
Videos
Embedded players with these videos at the ready can be found at The Media Page For A Sketch Of Sketches Of Frank Gehry
The links below go to Youtube, the source of the videos:
The Trailer For Sketches of Frank Gehry
Chicago Millennium Park Bridge
The trailer can also be viewed in Quick Time format at
~Sketches of Frank Gehry Trailer in Quick Time~
Followup: See Architecture To Wear
Footnotes
- Of course, the numero uno, first and foremost, best of the best benefit of Netflix, its raison d’être as far as I’m concerned, is avoiding the likes of Blockbuster (corporate motto: It’s a confusing late fee algorithm to you; it’s the chief source of profit to us) and, indirectly, punishing them financially. ~back~
- While this is Sidney Pollack’s initial documentary, he does have some experience in film; he is probably best known as a Director of movies such as Out of Africa, Tootsie, The Interpreter, Absence of Malice, and The Way We Were but is also a producer (e.g., Up at the Villa, The Talented Mr. Ripley, Searching For Bobby Fischer) and actor (Marty Bach in Michael Clayton, Victor Ziegler in Eyes Wide Shut, Al Eustis in A Civil Action, and several appearances in TV series) ~back~
- Including Dennis Hopper, Michael Ovitz, Bob Geldof, Michael Eisner, Julian Schnabel (Schnabel, a painter who lives in a Gehry designed house, is the outstanding cast member other than Pollack and Gehry, primarily because he appears in the film clad in his bathrobe, smoking a cigarette, and sipping brandy), Milton Wexler, (Gehry’s therapist) and Gehry’s employees and partners ~back~
- To balance the praise, two – count ‘em – critics, one of whom seems more divided than derogatory, are given two or three minutes to make their points about Gehry’s imperfections. ~back~
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Last Week’s Fall Colors
These photos were taken by Mr. Science last week during his Heck Of A House stay occasioned by his son’s wedding. Admittedly, what passes for Fall colors in northern Illinois is notably less spectacular than the views found in, say, New England or where I grew up in the Ozarks, but we are, nonetheless, pleased by and grateful for scenes such as these, which are all too transient and, indeed, can no longer be found in these parts.
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Marti Guixe + Renaissance + Richard Drew = Do-Frame
I think this clever frame-tape, designed by Marti Guixe, appeals to me because of the contrast between the Do-Frame’s baroque pattern that evokes the ornamental style of the Renaissance and the austere practicality of the adhesive tape that is an integral piece of 20th century industrialism.1
While it is promoted for creating an “instant gallery” of posters or photos, framing other sorts of objects, such as existent fixtures (e.g., windows, light switches, pictures already framed, etc.), seems more fun to me.
In any case, the Do-Frame is a 984″ roll of tape emblazoned with a 1.5″ wide gold pattern in the style of a frame. It is available at $15 a roll from Unica Home
Footnotes
- Adhesive tape was invented in 1925 by Richard G. Drew, a 3M employee, who developed masking tape because of the difficulty in performing the then popular two-tone paint jobs on cars.
He also invented clear cellophane tape (AKA Scotch Tape) in 1930. ~back~
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DrHGuy’s Cyber-Bookmarks: October 28, 2006
A sporadically promulgated annotated listing of arguably worthwhile, recently published online reading, new or revised websites of potential utility or ostensible interest, and other internet-accessible experiences that, were it not for the casually collected, cavalierly collated, & capriciously collocated components comprising these posts, could easily be overlooked - which would be, in some cases, a shame
Readings
Time After Time Catrinel Bartolomeu. Nerve.com 11 Oct 2006
This piece consists of an interview with Daniel Levitin, a one time musician and rock producer who earned a Ph.D. in neuroscience and recently published This Is Your Brain on Music. While portions of the book itself are dry discussions of music theory as interpreted through the principles of cognitive psychology and neurological processes, this article features the author’s skillful and intriguing connections between the music and the feelings it evokes. While this Nerve.com interview, in keeping with the site’s focus on sexuality, focuses on music and coupling, an NPR interview is more wide-ranging and has the advantage of providing illustrative musical samples. Links to the NPR interview can be found at
NPR Interview With Daniel Levitin: “This Is Your Brain On Music”
Ad Report Card Seth Stevenson, Slate.com
Ad Report Card is an ongoing column, offered weekly (more or less) by Slate.com, that is variable in quality but often answers my questions about one or another ad I’ve seen (the question is usually along the lines of “What the heck was that about?” or “What were they thinking”). Three recent examples of such columns follow:
- Can Rosa Parks Sell Pickup Trucks?
Chevy’s icky, exploitative new ad. Oct 09, 2006 - This Is Your Ass on Drugs
The new case against pot? It makes you lazy. Sep 25, 2006 - The Divorcemobile
Ford’s bizarre new SUV ad. Aug 28, 2006
830! Stefan Fatsis. Slate.com. Oct. 26, 2006
“830″ refers to the winning score in the Scrabble game that is the fulcrum of this article. The game, between two low-ranking players, shattered the record for high scores in a game (830 for one player and 1320 total) and most points on a single turn (365 for QUIXOTRY). The description of the winning game itself is fascinating, even though I haven’t played Scrabble in years, but the discussion also lends insight into the nature of sports and setting sports records in general.
Web Sites
Flightstats.com is the best site I’ve sound for checking real-time flight conditions at any airport. The site also provides a status report of all inbound and outbound flights for a given airport (including estimates of duration of any current delays) and flight tracking for planes in the air. The FAA also has an official government-sponsored site at www.fly.faa.gov that provides information about flight delays.
A DrHGuy’s Cyber-Bookmarks Special Section: Simple Comics Explicated
I spontaneously stumbled across references to both of these old-fashioned, simple comics, Nancy & Marmaduke, within the same hour a couple of days ago. While neither is on my personal hit parade, both seem to have fans among internet denizens. In any case, the temporal coincidence of their discoveries seemed to mandate sharing those references with (i.e., foisting them off on) Heck Of A Guy readers.
How To Read Nancy, a well-written 1988 essay described in Away With Words as “the definitive critique of the Nancy oeuvre,” is now available in PDF form at How to read Nancy, and has received accolades from BoingBoing and others.
Joe Mathlete Explains Today’s Marmaduke is the site on which, well, Joe Mathlete (who is also the leader of the indy band, The Mathletes) explains today’s Marmaduke cartoon.
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New & Proposed Boy Scout Activity Patches
Yesterday’s Good Deed: Helping Old Lady Cross The Street
Today’s Good Deed: Helping Movie Industry Stop Illegal Downloads
The 52,000 Los Angeles Boy Scouts now have the opportunity to earn the um, … distinctive Respect Copyrights Activity Patch (pictured above) by completing a curriculum developed by The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).
The program includes didactic sessions on the basics of copyright law, identification of five types of copyrighted works, and three ways copyrighted materials may be stolen. In addition, Scouts must also complete one other activity such as visiting a movie studio to gain a sense of how studio employees can be harmed by film piracy or creating anti-piracy public service announcements to earn the patch.
The inspiration for the Respect Copyrights activity is the Youth Ambassadors campaign which requires all 200,000 members (ages 9 to 25) of the Hong Kong Boy Scouts, Girl Guides and nine other youth groups not only to pledge to abstain from using or purchasing pirated materials, but also to search for and turn in illegal file-sharing sites and their users. In response to concerns raised that the program, in effect, turned the Scouts into spies and snitches, Tam Yiu-keung, the senior superintendent of customs for intellectual property investigations of the Hong Kong Excise and Customs Department, explained, “We are not trying to manipulate youths and get them into the spy profession. What we are just trying to do is arouse a civic conscience to report crimes to the authorities.”1
Participants in the Los Angeles Scouts’ Respect Copyrights program will not, according to spokesman, Victor Zuniga, be urged to track down pirates on the Internet. He explains that, indeed, “Our program is educational.”2
If the activity patch proves successful in Las Angeles, the sponsors plan to offer it elsewhere.
Activity Patches Vs Merit Badges
While Merit Badges are required for Scouts to advance to higher ranks (such as Star, Life, and Eagle) and typically have relatively rigorous criteria,3 Activity Patches do not affect advancement, are usually associated with non-essential programs, and may entail nothing more than showing up for an event such as a camping Jamboree or may require completion of a special program. Where and when Activity Patches can be worn is governed by a set of arcane uniform policies and local traditions the complexity of which rivals any secret religious society or third world military code. Long and bitter online forum diatribes are exchanged over which Activity Patch can be worn on which location on which sleeve during which time periods (many Activity Patches can only be worn for a certain period of time after the event they commemorate takes place).
The scope of Activity Patches offered can be garnered from this set of patches sold by a single manufacturer. (Click on thumbnail to view a larger image.)
These four examples (from upper left and proceeding clockwise: a beach excursion, a science project, candle sales fundraiser, popcorn sales fundraiser) may be instructive.
More exotic patches are available, such as the “Sorrowful Mysteries” Activity Patch offered by the National Catholic Committee on Scouting Rosary Patch Program.4
Speaking of mysteries, I have been unable to discover the process by which special interest groups transform their organizational agenda into Scouting programs. Did the Scout leadership in Los Angeles, concerned, as we all are, about the plight of the studios facing the scourge of piracy, solicit the MPAA’s help in developing the program? If the MPAA took the initiative, bringing the proposal to the Scouts, what were the persuasive factors? Were free movie passes passed under the table? (If so, I’ll bet they weren’t those chintzy “not valid on weekends, holidays, and special showings” passes.) Were other donations made? Was Julia Roberts or Bruce Willis involved in any way? I have no idea, but, as the ad goes,
Inquiring Minds Want To Know.
The Dred Scott Activity Patch
More importantly, what kind of activities qualify as a Patch-worthy?
If Respect Copyrights is a good idea for Los Angeles in 2006, would The Respect Property Rights (AKA The Dred Scott) Activity Patch have been an equally good idea for, say, Charleston in 1857?
To earn this patch, Scouts will learn about the basics of the Dred Scott decision and pertinent property laws, how to identify escaped slaves, and the routes of the underground railroad. In addition, Scouts will also complete one other activity such as visiting a plantation to gain a sense of how slave owners, their families, and the remaining slaves could be harmed by the loss of an escaped slave or designing wanted posters for fugitive slaves.
And, if promising not to illicitly download copyrighted material is beneficial, wouldn’t it be even more wonderful to offer patches for pledges to refrain from more serious crimes? For example, Scouts could earn badges for pledging not to
- Shoplift
- Break and enter
- Commit credit card fraud
- Murder one or more people
- Embezzle
- Distribute child pornography
Of course, it might be more efficient to lump these into promises not to commit felonies, misdemeanors, or civil infractions.
Of course, it would be even more efficient to roll those into one pledge not to commit any crimes.
Of course, it would be still more efficient to realize that maybe a promise not to break the law isn’t really a reason for a special award.
While we’re rescuing show biz, how about a Healthcare Fiscal Responsibility Activity Patch focusing on the legal and moral imperative to pay doctor bills in a timely manner?
Professionally, I would also support a Treatment Compliance Activity Patch.
And a Daily Blog-Reading Patch.
If the Scouts are concerned about the financial wellbeing of specific employee groups, shouldn’t there be a Pay Teachers A Living Wage patch?
To capture and promote the current mix of social mores, the Scouts could create a combination Making-Out Proficiency Activity Patch and an Abstinence From Sexual Intercourse Until Marriage (Unless We’re Really Really Sure We’re In Love) Activity Patches.
The ultimate self-referential Boy Scout Activity Patch, which I suspect may already be awarded in secret ceremonies, would be the We’re A Private Organization Only Implying We’re A Public Institution So We Can Do Anything We Want, Even If It Doesn’t Make Sense Activity Patch.
But, the Activity Patch all the cool Scouts would want would be
The Heck Of A Guy Activity Patch
In addition to the daily study of the Heck Of A Guy blog postings and archives, Scouts would rotate through a series of Heck Of A Guy enrichment experiences, including but not limited to
- Mowing the Heck Of A Guy lawn
- Cleaning the Heck Of A Guy house
- Washing the Heck Of A Guy clothes
- Preparing the Heck Of A Guy meals
- Washing the Heck Of A Guy car
- Operating the Heck Of A Guy TV and sound system
- Purchasing gifts for DrHGuy from his wish list
- Listening attentively to and applauding DrHGuy’s teachings and following his commandments
- Wreaking a terrible vengeance upon those who spitefully use and persecute DrHGuy
- Going forth into all the world, spreading the Heck Of A Guy words, wisdom, and wit
- Routine smiting of infidels
- Gathering virtuous, voluptuous, and virginal women to provide comfort to and companionship for DrHGuy
For these meager services – and a one-time, non-refundable purchase price of $2700 plus a monthly maintenance fee (which includes unlimited dry cleaning) of $160 – Scouts would receive this nifty, aphrodisiac-impregnated, copyright applied for Activity Patch.
Footnotes
- Dare Violate a Copyright in Hong Kong? A Boy Scout May Be Watching Online, Keith Bradsher. New York Times July 18, 2006. ~back~
- A Merit Badge That Can’t Be Duplicated /a> David Pierson, Las Angeles Times October 21, 2006. ~back~
- See Index to Merit Badge Requirements ~back~
- Also offered in the NCCS Rosary Patch Program are the Joyful Mysteries, Luminous Mysteries, and Glorious Mysteries Patches ~back~